All witnesses
G
Sikh

Guru Arjan

1563–1606 CE, Punjab

The Fifth Sikh Guru. He compiled the Adi Granth, the Sikh scripture, incorporating the hymns of the first four Gurus, his own compositions, and the writings of Hindu and Muslim saints. He built the Harmandir Sahib — the Golden Temple — with doors open on all four sides. He was the first Sikh martyr, executed by Emperor Jahangir on a hot iron plate for refusing to alter scripture or convert.

On their voice

16th–17th century Punjab under Mughal Emperor Akbar and then Jahangir. Arjan built the community's most sacred institutions. His martyrdom was not accidental — he was offered escape and chose to remain. During his torture he recited hymns of acceptance.

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