All witnesses
G
Sikh

Guru Tegh Bahadur

1621–1675 CE, Punjab and Delhi

The Ninth Sikh Guru. He was martyred by Emperor Aurangzeb for refusing to convert to Islam and for defending the right of Kashmiri Hindus to practice their own faith — people who were not even his own. He is called "Hind di Chadar" — the shield of India. His poetry in the Adi Granth meditates on impermanence, detachment, and the peace of the Name.

On their voice

17th-century Punjab under Aurangzeb's forced conversions. Tegh Bahadur was a contemplative — the son of Guru Hargobind, a warrior Guru — but he himself was a poet and a meditator. His martyrdom was deliberate, chosen, and preceded by years of poetry about not fearing death.

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